原文地址:http://drops.wooyun.org/papers/4578

0x00 前言

測試了一下kippo這個ssh蜜罐,算是一篇總結吧

0x01 測試環境

CentOS release 6.2 (Final)
Linux www.centos.com 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 6 19:48:22 GMT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

0x02:搭建

#!bash
cd /home/
wget https://codeload.github.com/desaster/kippo/zip/master
unzip master
yum install twisted python-zope-interface python-pyasn1
mv kippo-master kippo
useradd kippo
chown -R kippo:kippo
cd kippo
cp kippo.cfg.dist kippo.cfg

監聽本地的2222端口 提前修改正常ssh的端口,加一條防火墻規則,把22端口轉到2222

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 2222

日志存放到數據庫

#!bash
yum install mysql mysql-server
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
mysql -uroot 
create database kippo;
GRANT ALL ON kippo.* to 'kippo'@'localhost' identified by 'kippo';

修改配置文件kippo.cfg

[database_mysql]
host = localhost
database = kippo
username = kippo
password = kippo
port = 3306


mysql -ukippo -p -Dkippo < /home/kippo/doc/sql/mysql.sql

安裝python-mysql

#!bash
yum -y install python-devel mysql-devel
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
tar -zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
cd setuptools-0.6c11
python2.6 setup.py build
python2.6 setup.py install
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MySQL-python/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
Unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
Cd MySQL-python

修改site.cfg的mysql_config一行取消注釋

mysql_config = /usr/lib64/mysql/mysql_config

python2.6 setup.py build
python2.6 setup.py install

0x03 圖形化

yum install httpd php php-mysql php-gd php-curl

1.3的php版本要求高,要自己編譯,還是用yum的,裝個低版本的

#!bash
wget http://bruteforce.gr/wp-content/uploads/kippo-graph-1.2.tar.gz
tar -zxf kippo-graph-1.2.tar.gz 
mv kippo-graph-1.2 /var/www/html/kippo
cd /var/www/html/kippo
cp config.php.dist config.php

vim config.php

寫入內容

#!php
define('DIR_ROOT', '/var/www/html/kippo');  
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('DB_USER', 'kippo');
define('DB_PASS', 'kippo');
define('DB_NAME', 'kippo');
define('DB_PORT', '3306'); 

運行命令

#!bash
chmod 777 /var/www/html/kippo/generated-graphs/
/etc/init.d/http start
su - kippo
./start.sh

訪問http://ip/kippo

0x04 結構

data: 存放ssh key,lastlog.txt和userdb.txt lastlog.txt:last命令的輸出,即存儲了登陸蜜罐的信息,也可以偽造 userdb.txt:可以登陸的用戶,可以給一個用戶設置多個密碼,一個用戶一行 格式為username:uid:password

honeyfs: etc目錄中存在group hostname hosts issue passwd resolv.conf shadow這些 文件,cat /etc/filename目錄中對應的文件時會顯示這些文本文件中的內容. proc目錄中存在cpuinfo meminfo version這些文件,cat /proc/filename目錄中對應的文件時會顯示這些文本文件中的內容.

log: 存放日志文件的地方,該目錄包含一個kippo.log文件和tty目錄 kippo.log:是存放啟動記錄,那些IP連接等信息 tty目錄是每一個ssh過來后操作的記錄,可以使用strings filename直接看到里面的內容

txtcmds: 存放命令的地方,這些命令都是文本文件,執行相關命令的時候直接顯示文件內容

kippo: 核心文件,模擬一些交互式的命令等等

dl: wget等等下載的文件存放的地方

utils: convert32.py:把tty的日志轉換為標準32位的小數格式,其實直接strings查看就可以了 createfs.py:可以用來模擬真實系統的一些文件目錄之類的,不過需要設置一下

需要重定向保存輸出,然后去替換fs.pickle文件,這樣就可以模擬真實系統了.

fsctl.py:用來修改已經生成的fs.pickle的文件,help有命令的幫助

passdb.py:是來添加賬戶密碼的,但是直接編輯data/userdb.txt就可以添加新的賬戶了,pass.db也沒有找到在哪.........

playloh.py:對log/tty/下的日志進行回放的

0x05 配置文件

kippo.cfg:
==========================================================
[honeypot]

# IP addresses to listen for incoming SSH connections.
#
# (default: 0.0.0.0) = any address
#ssh監聽的地址,可以設置多個監聽ip,每個ip之間用空格隔開
#ssh_addr = 0.0.0.0

# Port to listen for incoming SSH connections.
#
# (default: 2222)
#監聽的端口,默認是2222,需要kippo運行在普通用戶下,是不能夠使用22端口,需要用iptables做一個簡單的端口轉發,轉發到22端口
#只能監聽一個端口
ssh_port = 2222

# Hostname for the honeypot. Displayed by the shell prompt of the virtual
# environment.
#
# (default: svr03)
#主機名
hostname = svr03

# Directory where to save log files in.
#
# (default: log)
#存放日志的路徑
log_path = log

# Directory where to save downloaded (malware) files in.
#
# (default: dl)
#蜜罐中執行下載命令默認下載文件保存的目錄
download_path = dl

# Maximum file size (in bytes) for downloaded files to be stored in 'download_path'.
# A value of 0 means no limit. If the file size is known to be too big from the start,
# the file will not be stored on disk at all.
#
#限制下載文件的大小,默認是0,不限制
# (default: 0)
#download_limit_size = 10485760

# Directory where virtual file contents are kept in.
#
# This is only used by commands like 'cat' to display the contents of files.
# Adding files here is not enough for them to appear in the honeypot - the
# actual virtual filesystem is kept in filesystem_file (see below)
#
# (default: honeyfs)
#配置文件的存放的地方,默認下面有etc和proc兩個
contents_path = honeyfs

# File in the python pickle format containing the virtual filesystem.
#
# This includes the filenames, paths, permissions for the whole filesystem,
# but not the file contents. This is created by the createfs.py utility from
# a real template linux installation.
#
# (default: fs.pickle)
#記錄一些文件,路徑和權限的配置文件,用來模擬linux環境
filesystem_file = fs.pickle

# Directory for miscellaneous data files, such as the password database.
#
# (default: data_path)
#一些數據存放的地方,例如lastlog,ssh的key和允許登陸的賬戶和密碼修改過的root密碼
data_path = data

# Directory for creating simple commands that only output text.
#
# The command must be placed under this directory with the proper path, such
# as:
#   txtcmds/usr/bin/vi
# The contents of the file will be the output of the command when run inside
# the honeypot.
# In addition to this, the file must exist in the virtual
# filesystem {filesystem_file}
#
# (default: txtcmds)
#一些簡單的命令,純文字組成,只是用來做簡單的輸出
txtcmds_path = txtcmds

# Public and private SSH key files. If these don't exist, they are created
# automatically.
#ssh認證key存放的地方
rsa_public_key = data/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
rsa_private_key = data/ssh_host_rsa_key
dsa_public_key = data/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
dsa_private_key = data/ssh_host_dsa_key

# Enables passing commands using ssh execCommand
# e.g. ssh [email protected] <command>
#
# (default: false)
#是否支持 ssh [email protected] <command>這種命令的執行,默認是false的
exec_enabled = true

# IP address to bind to when opening outgoing connections. Used exclusively by
# the wget command.
#
# (default: not specified)
#ssh數據包發出去的地址
#out_addr = 0.0.0.0

# Sensor name use to identify this honeypot instance. Used by the database
# logging modules such as mysql.
#
# If not specified, the logging modules will instead use the IP address of the
# connection as the sensor name.
#
# (default: not specified)
#sensor_name=myhostname

# Fake address displayed as the address of the incoming connection.
# This doesn't affect logging, and is only used by honeypot commands such as
# 'w' and 'last'
#
# If not specified, the actual IP address is displayed instead (default
# behaviour).
#
# (default: not specified)
#fake_addr = 192.168.66.254

# SSH Version String
#
# Use this to disguise your honeypot from a simple SSH version scan
# frequent Examples: (found experimentally by scanning ISPs)
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5
# SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_4.3
# SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_4.7
# SSH-1.99-Sun_SSH_1.1
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.2p1 Debian-7ubuntu3.1
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.3
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.6
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 FreeBSD-20080901
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu5
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu6
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze1
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze2
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p2_hpn13v11 FreeBSD-20110503
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1
# SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9
#
# (default: "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5")
#ssh的banner信息
ssh_version_string = SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5

# Banner file to be displayed before the first login attempt.
#
# (default: not specified)
#第一次登陸上后,顯示的banner信息,默認是不指定
#banner_file =

# Session management interface.
#
# This is a telnet based service that can be used to interact with active
# sessions. Disabled by default.
#
# (default: false)
interact_enabled = false
# (default: 5123)
interact_port = 5123


#mysql的支持模塊,sql文件在doc/sql/mysql.sql
# MySQL logging module
#
# Database structure for this module is supplied in doc/sql/mysql.sql
#
# To enable this module, remove the comments below, including the
# [database_mysql] line.

#數據庫的配置文件
#[database_mysql]
#host = localhost
#database = kippo
#username = kippo
#password = secret
#port = 3306

#XMPP 的日志文件
# XMPP Logging
#
# Log to an xmpp server.
# For a detailed explanation on how this works, see: <add url here>
#
# To enable this module, remove the comments below, including the
# [database_xmpp] line.

#[database_xmpp]
#server = sensors.carnivore.it
#user = [email protected]
#password = anonymous
#muc = dionaea.sensors.carnivore.it
#signal_createsession = kippo-events
#signal_connectionlost = kippo-events
#signal_loginfailed = kippo-events
#signal_loginsucceeded = kippo-events
#signal_command = kippo-events
#signal_clientversion = kippo-events
#debug=true

#默認日志以簡單的文本方式存放
# Text based logging module
#
# While this is a database logging module, it actually just creates a simple
# text based log. This may not have much purpose, if you're fine with the
# default text based logs generated by kippo in log/
#
# To enable this module, remove the comments below, including the
# [database_textlog] line.

#[database_textlog]
#logfile = kippo-textlog.log

0x06 debug

時間顯示存在問題 使用了0時區的時間,這里是東8區

vim /home/kippo/kippo/core/dblog.py

寫入

#!python
def nowUnix(self):
  """return the current UTC time as an UNIX timestamp"""
    #原系統用的時區是0時區的
    #return int(time.mktime(time.gmtime()[:-1] + (-1,)))
    #return int(time.mktime(time.gmtime()[:-1] + (-1,))) + 28800
    return int(time.time())

0x07 缺點

1. 功能有限

2. 使用exit或者ctrl+d退出的時候是無法退出的,顯示退出,其實還沒有完全退出,需要強制的關閉終端,才能完全退出

3. 命令太少,對真實環境的模擬比較差

4. 添加用戶這個過程,太復雜,還容易添加失敗

0x08 后記

[email protected],放了半個月,以下是收集到的一些數據

有少量的惡意程序,收集到了少量的惡意程序,有興趣的可以私信我啊~~~

最后給team的博客打個廣告,大家手下留情........

http://www.sigma.ws/

參考:

http://bruteforce.gr/kippo-graph

http://www.google.com/