?????? ?????

??????
????????????
???????е????????
  1?????+
  2????? []??[^]
  3????? *???
  4????????
  5??????????????????
  6??ê??
  7?????е?????滻
  8???????Χ?????
  9????????????
  10????????????????
  11????????
  12?????????????
  13????????????????д???
  14????????????
  15???????????
???????????
  1????????п??????(g???)
  2???????Сд(i???)??
  3?????????????????(m???)
  4????????α????滻??
  5???????????????????
  6???????к?????
?塢?滻??????
?????????????
???????????
  1??????????????????????
  2??????????
  3?????????????????
  4???????

??????
   ??????????????????????е?????????б???????/def/????def?????÷????????split??????????????????????@array = split(/ /, $line);
???????????? =~??!~
   =~??????????????$result = $var =~ /abc/;??????????????????????????????????true???????????0????false??!~??????
   ?????????????????????????У??磺
   if ($question =~ /please/) {
     print ("Thank you for being polite!\n");
   }
   else {
     print ("That was not very polite!\n");
   }
???????е????????
   PERL??????????Щ????????????????Щ????????á?
1????? +
   +??ζ????????????????????磺/de+f/?def??deef??deeeeef???????????価????????????????/ab+/???????abbc?????????abb????????ab??
   ??????и?????????????????????????·??
     @array = split (/ +/, $line);
   ???split????????????????????????????μ?????????$line??????????@array??????????????????????????????????е????????$line????п????@array????????顣????????TAB??????????????????????????
2????? []??[^]
   []??ζ????????????е????????/a[0123456789]c/?????a???????c???????????+???????????/d[eE]+f/???def??dEf??deef??dEdf??dEEEeeeEef???^?????????????????????磺/d[^deE]f/???d???e?????f?????????
3????? *???
   ??????+?????????????*???0????1??????????????????0????1???????????/de*f/???df??def??deeeef???/de?f/???df??def??
4????????
   ????????????а???????????????????????????????????б??"\"???磺/\*+/??\*????????*??????????????????????????????塣б??????/\\/????PERL5?п????????\Q??\E????塣
5??????????????????
   ????????/a[0123456789]c/??????a???????????c???????????????????????/a[0-9]c/????????[a-z]???????Сд?????[A-Z]????????д??????????Сд???????????????????/[0-9a-zA-Z]/??
6??ê??

ê	????
`^` ?? `\A`	???????
`$` ?? `\Z`	?????β
`\b`	???????
`\B`	??????????

   ??1??/^def/??????def????????????/$def/??????def??β??????????????????/^def$/?????????def(?)??\A??\Z???????????^??$?????
   ??2??????????????????
     if ($varname =~ /^\$[A-Za-z][_0-9a-zA-Z]*$/) {
       print ("$varname is a legal scalar variable\n");
     } elsif ($varname =~ /^@[A-Za-z][_0-9a-zA-Z]*$/) {
       print ("$varname is a legal array variable\n");
     } elsif ($varname =~ /^[A-Za-z][_0-9a-zA-Z]*$/) {
       print ("$varname is a legal file variable\n");
     } else {
       print ("I don't understand what $varname is.\n");
    }
   ??3??\b??????????/\bdef/???def??defghi????def????????????????abcdef??/def\b/???def??abcdef????def??β?????????????defghi??/\bdef\b/?????????def?????/\bdef/?????$defghi?????$????????????????????
   ??4??\B???????????/\Bdef/???abcdef??????????def??/def\B/???defghi???/\Bdef\B/???cdefg??abcdefghi??????????def,defghi,abcdef??
7?????е?????滻
   ????????????
     $pattern = "[\\t ]+";
     @words = split(/$pattern/, $line);
8???????Χ???

E ??????	????	??Χ
`\d`	????????	`[0-9]`
`\D`	????????????????	`[^0-9]`
`\w`	?????????	`[_0-9a-zA-Z]`
`\W`	???????????	`[^_0-9a-zA-Z]`
`\s`	???	[ \r\t\n\f]
`\S`	????	`[^ \r\t\n\f]`

   ????/[\da-z]/????????????Сд?????
9????????????
   ???"."?????????????????????????*???á?
10????????????????
   ?????{}??????????????????????磺/de{1,3}f/???def,deef??deeef??/de{3}f/???deeef??/de{3,}f/???????3??e??d??f???/de{0,3}f/???????3??e??d??f???
11????????
   ???"|"????????????????????????磺/def|ghi/???def??ghi??
   ???????????????????
   if ($number =~ /^-?\d+$|^-?0[xX][\da-fa-F]+$/) {
     print ("$number is a legal integer.\n");
   } else {
     print ("$number is not a legal integer.\n");
   }
   ???? ^-?\d+$ ?????????????^-?0[xX][\da-fa-F]+$ ???????????????
12?????????????
   ???????????????????????????????????????????\n???????????????????
/\d{2}([\W])\d{2}\1\d{2}/ ???
     12-05-92
     26.11.87
     07 04 92??
   ???/\d{2}([\W])\d{2}\1\d{2}/ ?????/(\d{2})([\W])\1\2\1/ ??????????????17-17-17????????????????17-05-91???
13????????????????д???
   ???????????????????????????д???

???????	????
`()`	?????
`+ * ? {}`	???????
`^ $ \b \B`	ê
`\|`	???

14????????????
   ???????????????б??/????????????m??????????磺
     m!/u/jqpublic/perl/prog1! ?????/\/u\/jqpublic\/perl\/prog1/
   ??????????'????????????????????滻????????????????????????????幦????????????????á?
15???????????
   ??????????????ò?????????????$n??????????????$&??
     $string = "This string contains the number 25.11.";
     $string =~ /-?(\d+)\.?(\d+)/; # ??????25.11
     $integerpart = $1; # now $integerpart = 25
     $decimalpart = $2; # now $decimalpart = 11
     $totalpart = $&; # now totalpart = 25.11
???????????

???	????
`g`	??????п??????
`i`	?????Сд
`m`	???????????
`o`	???????
`s`	???????????
`x`	???????е???

1????????п??????(g???)
 @matches = "balata" =~ /.a/g; # now @matches = ("ba", "la", "ta")
 ?????????
 while ("balata" =~ /.a/g) {
 $match = $&;
 print ("$match\n");
 }
 ??????
 ba
 la
 ta
 ??????????g??????ú???pos???????′?????????
 $offset = pos($string);
 pos($string) = $newoffset;
2???????Сд(i???)??
 /de/i ???de,dE,De??DE??
3?????????????????(m???)
 ???????￡?^????????????????????μ???е??????$????????????е??β??
4????????α????滻??
 $var = 1;
 $line = <STDIN>;
 while ($var < 10) {
 $result = $line =~ /$var/o;
 $line = <STDIN>;
 $var++;
 }
 ??ξ????/1/??
5???????????????????
 /a.*bc/s????????axxxxx \nxxxxbc????/a.*bc/?????????????
6???????к?????
 /\d{2} ([\W]) \d{2} \1 \d{2}/x?????/\d{2}([\W])\d{2}\1\d{2}/??
?塢?滻??????
 ???s/pattern/replacement/????Ч??????????????pattern??????????replacement???磺
 $string = "abc123def";
 $string =~ s/123/456/; # now $string = "abc456def";
 ???滻?????????????????$n????s/(\d+)/[$1]/???????滻???????????????????????{},*,+?????s/abc/[def]/????abc?滻?[def]??
 ?滻??????????????±??

???	????
`g`	??????е????????
`i`	???????е??Сд
`e`	?滻????????????
`m`	??????????????
`o`	????????
`s`	??????????????
`x`	???????е???

   ???e?????滻???????????????????????滻?????????????磺
     $string = "0abc1";
     $string =~ s/[a-zA-Z]+/$& x 2/e; # now $string = "0abcabc1"
?????????????
   ??????????滻????????磺tr/string1/string2/???????string2??滻?????????Ч?????string1?е?????????滻?string2?е????????????string1?е?????????滻?string2?е????????????????????磺
     $string = "abcdefghicba";
     $string =~ tr/abc/def/; # now string = "defdefghifed"
   ??string1??string2??????????????滻?string2???????????????string1????????????????????????????滻?????
   ?????????????????￡?

???	????
`c`	????????δ??????
`d`	?????????????
`s`	??????????????????????

??$string =~ tr/\d/ /c;?????з?????????滻????$string =~ tr/\t //d?????tab???? $string =~ tr/0-9/ /cs??????????????????滻???????

???????????
 PERL???PERL4????UNIX????????????е??Щ??????????????????(?<c>pattern)??????c??????????pattern???????????????????
1??????????????????????
 ??PERL?????У????????????????????????У?????????????????????????????????/(?:a|b|c)(d|e)f\1/?е?\1?????????d??e????????a??b??c??
2??????????
 ???????????????????????i??m??s??x????????????????/(?option)pattern/???????/pattern/option??
3?????????????????
 ??????????????/pattern(?=string)/????????????????string???????????(?!string)????????????string???????磺
 $string = "25abc8";
 $string =~ /abc(?=[0-9])/;
 $matched = $&; # $&???????????????abc????????abc8
4???????
 PERL5?п????????????#?????????磺
 if ($string =~ /(?i)[a-z]{2,3}(?# match two or three alphabetic characters)/ {
 ...
 }

????? ????? ??

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